Back-end development guide

Back-end development guide: -

Back-end development refers to the development of the server-side logic that powers websites and applications from behind the scenes.

It includes all the code necessary to build the database, the server, and the application.

From database migrations to API integrations to configuring the server-side technologies that make a website work, a back-end web developer can be the talent to get the next web project off the ground.

The Basics: Front-End vs Back-End:

To understand the back end, or the server side, you need to know the front end and how to interact.

The interface, also called client-side programming, is what happens in the browser - everything that end users see and interact with.

The backend, on the other hand, happens on the server (on-site or in the cloud) and the databases.

It is the machinery that works behind the scenes: everything that the end user does not see or directly interact with, but that drives what is happening.

It is important to note that this convenient way of splitting development has changed significantly over the past 10-15 years with the explosive growth of JavaScript.

There is more overlap between the two, especially when it comes to a JavaScript developer's role in a fully JavaScript-powered stack.

APIs and operating systems that drive the interface of an application.

For an in-depth look at the software that ties it all together, read Server-Side Scripting: Back-End Web Development Technology.

The backend of applications can look very different from one application to another, be it using cloud-based servers and data warehouses, containerization with a service like Docker.

Backend-as-a-providers. 

Service (BaaS) or API to replace more complex processing.

Back-end development can be much more varied than front-end development, which is largely driven by JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and various front-end frameworks that use these languages.

Servers: the machinery

These high-powered computers provide shared resources that networks need to function, including file storage, security and encryption, databases, email, and web services.

Databases: brains

Databases, in the context of a website, are the brains that make websites dynamic.

Databases can also accept new and edited data when users of a website or application interact with it.

The customer can change the information in a database from the browser, whether a user is publishing articles in a CMS, uploading photos to a social media profile or updating their customer information.

Middleware: plumbing

Middleware basically describes any software on the server that connects the front-end of an application with its back-end.

Middleware (server-side software) facilitates client-server connectivity, forming an intermediate layer between applications and the network: the server, the database, the operating system, and more. 

Middleware can be multi-layered, organized into different layers of a site, either the presentation layer or the business layer.

This is also where web APIs can play on the stack, providing a bridge between the business layer and the presentation layer.

Middleware also allows cloud applications and on-premises applications to “talk” and provides services such as data integration and error handling.

Good middleware can also maximize IT efficiency and power things like user engagement, business process management, content management, authentication, and more.

Programming languages ​​and frameworks used to create different types of middleware, APIs, and server-side software.

Programming languages ​​and frameworks: the nuts and bolts:

Back-end developers can choose from a variety of languages ​​and frameworks based on the type of application they are building, their specific processing requirements, and what other components already exist in the back-end.

Languages ​​will differ in file size, performance, compatibility, number of lines of code required, and programming style.

Some back-end scripting languages ​​are object-oriented programming languages, a style of programming that groups attributes and functions within objects.

Most of the sites are based on PHP, which makes it one of the most popular back-end programming languages.

Few big hitters in backend programming, like

Java

C # and C ++

.NET

Perl

Scala

Node.js

Where these languages ​​really take off with the frameworks that developers use as scaffolding to build server-side applications.

Django (for Python)

Spring framework (for Java)

Node.js, including Meteor JS and Express JS (for JavaScript with Node.js)

Ruby on Rails

Symfony (for PHP)

JSF (Java Server Faces)

API: crucial technology in back-end programming:

The back-end part of an application without touching the APIs (application programming interfaces) and to connect software, applications, databases and services seamlessly.

APIs play an integral role in how most server-side software architectures are built, often replacing more complicated programming to allow software to communicate and data to be transferred.

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